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What was one goal expressed in St. Bernard of Clairvaux's message to Christian warriors?

  1. Convert non-believers to Christianity

  2. Gather unfading palms by conquering

  3. Defend against Viking invasions

  4. Establish a new monarchy in Jerusalem

The correct answer is: Gather unfading palms by conquering

St. Bernard of Clairvaux was a key figure in the promotion of the Crusades and sought to inspire Christian warriors to take up arms in the Holy Land. His message emphasized the spiritual rewards for those who engaged in battle for a righteous cause, particularly the idea of earning "unfading palms," which is a metaphor for eternal glory and reward in heaven for their efforts. This notion of conquest was not just about earthly victory but was deeply intertwined with the belief in gaining spiritual merit for participating in the Crusades. Thus, the goal of gathering unfading palms through conquest highlights both the call to arms and the promise of spiritual salvation for those who fought.